Certain things must be considered when using a well drilling pipe. Build-up rate, Drag force, and Perforations are some of these factors.
During the drilling of a horizontal well, the drag force of a casing pipe can be extremely high. This force is created by a combination of drag, tensile, and compressive forces. It can cause catastrophic casing failure in horizontal wells.
Using an open-ended horizontal casing string, we explored the importance of casing drag force in this study. This string is made up of a 5", 18-pound casing pipe.
Stokes' law is used to calculate the drag force. This law expresses the link between an object's drag and tensile forces. To calculate the drag force, you must first know the relative velocity of the object as well as the drag angle. In a nutshell, the drag angle is the angular difference between the velocity of the object and the force applied on it.
Various types of loads are applied to the casing string during horizontal well drilling. Drag, bending, overburden pressure, and perforations are among them. In horizontal wells, these loads can contribute to catastrophic casing failure.
Drag is the force that the casing experiences when the steel casing pipe is running. It is compressive when the pipe is inside the string and tensile when it is outside the string. It is determined by the type of formation drilled, the weight of the mud, and the pressure applied to the casing.
The amount of pressure exerted by the casing and drill string against the formation is referred to as overburden pressure. It is determined using a biaxial relationship curve. This pressure is then adjusted to match the typical collapse pressure.
The API Bulletin 5C2 factor value is commonly used to calculate overburden pressure. This factor value is used to calculate the maximum permissible surface load.
Various types of loads are applied on casing strings during the horizontal well running-in process. These stresses are mostly compressive, although they are also capable of bending and twisting. A 5 inch casing pipe build-up rate is 18 pounds per foot. Furthermore, the pipe will need to be reinforced to withstand the impact of non-standard loads.
The study will provide a detailed analysis of the various loads applied to casing strings during the horizontal well running-in procedure. It will also look at how perforations affect casing resistance. The study's most important result is that there are various possible dangers connected with the casing string after running-in. These hazards include casing failure to seat into underlying rock and casing deflection.
Several factors influence the type of holes used. For example, what sort of completion is being perforated, how long it takes to perforate, the size of the hole, and how much water is being perforated. Perforating the entrance hole of a well casing is a method that can improve reservoir productivity significantly.
Perforations in a horizontal well can reduce formation subsidence and bending load. These circumstances can result in catastrophic casing collapse.
These loads can also cause significant permeability loss. Perforation procedures can also help to reduce crushing and collapse resistance.
Perforating the well casing pipe with a perforator is another efficient and effective approach to extract more water from an old well. It also avoids the need to pull or replace the casing.
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It is essential to investigate the effects of perforations on the wellbore and casing while drilling horizontal wells. Perforations can lower crushing resistance and hence increase productivity. A hole with a thicker skin gives a higher production rate, whereas a perforation with a thinner skin distributes pressure drop across a larger area.
The magnitude of the crushing resistance reduction caused by perforation is calculated. It is then multiplied by the overall design safety factor to obtain the pipe's design safety factor. This number determines the type of casing pipe to be used.
The best wellbore sliding friction for 5 inch borewell casing pipe is determined by the contacting material and the type of mud. It ranges from 0.2 to 0.4.
After running-in, a casing string may incur severe collapse. The drag force on a casing string is also affected by the mud employed.
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